Under a credit-based education system, students earn credits for completing subjects, usually based on instructional hours and the achievement of learning outcomes. Under this system, students who fail a subject may still progress to the next level as long as they have enough earned credits to advance. The failed subject can be retaken at a later time.

In comparison, the competency-based curriculum requires students to pass all subjects in their grade level in order for them to move up to further grade levels.

House Bill No. 11213 proposes a University Preparatory Pathway allowing academically advanced Grade 10 students to bypass Senior High School (Grades 11 and 12) and directly enter higher education. Qualification for this pathway requires passing a rigorous Honors Examination. This exam evaluates a student's mastery of core subjects and their readiness for college-level coursework, ensuring only highly prepared students are eligible. Students who do not qualify for the University Preparatory Pathway will exclusively pursue technical-vocational education through TESDA.

Foreign speculative capital are investments originating overseas which intend to generate short-term profits instead of long-term value appreciation.

Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBE) are business organizations whose assets do not exceed Php 3 million pesos. At present, BMBEs are exempted from the payment of national taxes. 

For the purpose of this debate, sin goods are products which can be legally bought but whose consumption is discouraged by the state (e.g. cigarettes, alcohol).

Musical racialization is the process of associating specific music genres with particular racial or ethnic groups. It often translates into racial ownership and appropriation of themes, tonality, rhythms, and even marketing of music brands, labels, and artists.

Labor aestheticization refers to the portrayal of everyday work routines, particularly manual, blue-collar, or service labor, in a visually appealing or emotionally resonant way, often through social media platforms like YouTube, TikTok, or Facebook. For example, videos showing the satisfying process of cleaning dirty carpets, cooking in street food stalls, restocking shelves in a visually pleasing way, or time-lapse clips of construction or farming work.

For the purpose of this debate, structural adjustment policies refer to governmental actions that liberalize the economy (e.g., tariff reductions, lifting quantitative restrictions on imports, industry deregulation and/or privatization).

In the Philippines, the Green Energy Option Program (GEOP) allows electric consumers with higher-than-most energy consumptions (i.e, at least 100 kilowatt monthly peak demand) to voluntary select a Renewable Energy (RE) supplier as their source of power. Some RE suppliers in the Philippines are owned or controlled by large conglomerates which also own or control for-profit private distribution utilities.

For the purposes of the debate, 'queer hypersexuality' refers to excessive sexual behaviors experienced by individuals identifying as LGBTQ+. Examples include frequent sexual encounters with other members of the community, the popularity of sexual events, or self-sexualisation.

Queer found families are social units usually created by biologically unrelated LGBTQ+ individuals that perform filial functions typically observed in traditional biological families. (e.g., providing financial and emotional support)

After gaining independence from Indonesia in 2002, East Timor has sought for membership in the ASEAN. Since then, it has been granted observer status and has been working on the criteria for accession. While it's membership has been "agreed in principle" in 2022, issues on economic integration and institutional reforms persist.

Transhumanism imagines a world wherein science and technology is used to bypass the natural capacities of humans (e.g., through bionic implants, neural interfaces, biotechnology, etc.) with the ultimate goal of transcending biological limitations.

Bioconservatism pushes for heavy restraint in the use of biotechnologies, based on fears of causing irreversible physical and societal changes, as well as the loss of the essence of humanity.

For the purpose of this debate, there exists a scientist who has secretly created a perfect simulation of the world, including a number of living beings with the exact same physical, mental, emotional, and other predispositions as humans. As the creator, the scientist knows and can control everything that happens to the beings on that world.

Empathic computing is an emerging field of research which aims to understand human states and feelings, integrate emotional intelligence into software, and replicate human-like behavior.

Ningas Cogon is a Filipino cultural trait that refers to starting tasks or projects with strong enthusiasm and energy, but quickly losing interest or motivation before completion.

For the purpose of this debate, reverse legislation involves pursuing a legislative career in politics with the intention of overturning certain existing laws. On the other hand, judicial activism involves deciding cases in such a way that that reflects the judge's personal values while still remaining within the bounds of the law.

Children who can no longer be cared for by their parents may be looked after by institutional child care systems. This includes the foster care system, where children are assigned to random families who are subsidized and vetted by the state, and state-run institutional “homes” and orphanages staffed by childcare and welfare workers. Kinship care is when children and youth live with relatives or fictive kin (those known and trusted by the family) during times of crisis. Kinship care is often an informal set-up, and the government is largely uninvolved.